• Dec 27, 2024
• News

Can I Use an Electric Hoist to Pull Horizontally?

Electric hoists are mainly used for vertical lifting, so it is not recommended to use them for horizontal traction due to equipment damage and safety hazards.

Introduction

An electric hoist combines a motor, gearbox, braking unit, and lifting medium (chain or wire rope) to raise and lower loads per ANSI/ASME B30.16 standards. While these assemblies excel under vertical tension, their gearing, bearings, and braking systems are not optimized for sustained lateral forces—hence the frequent query: Can they pull sideways?

Understanding Electric Hoists

Electric hoists are designed primarily to lift loads vertically using a motorized mechanism. They typically feature components such as a lifting hook, wire rope or chain, and a motor assembly. The primary function of these devices is to lift and lower loads safely, not necessarily to pull them across horizontal surfaces.

Can an Electric Hoist Pull Horizontally?

Technically, an electric hoist can be adapted for horizontal pulling, but it is not recommended for several reasons. Manufacturers design hoists to handle vertical loads where the force is evenly distributed along the lifting mechanism. Lateral pulls shift load paths through bearings and brakes not designed for side loads,’ leading to premature failure and safety risks.

According to industry experts, “electric hoists are not inherently designed for horizontal force. Using them for such applications may void warranties and lead to mechanical failures.

Potential Risks of Horizontal Pulling with Electric Hoists

Using an electric hoist for horizontal pulling can present several risks, including:

• Excessive Wear: The hoist's components, including the chain or rope, may wear out prematurely due to forces they were not designed to handle.
• Reduced Stability:Side loads on the trolley can cause binding or derailment, increasing tip-over risk. The load may become unstable, increasing the risk of accidents.
• Equipment Damage: Prolonged use in horizontal applications can damage internal mechanisms, such as the motor or braking system. Brakes and worm-gears see side-loads they weren’t designed for, leading to heat-related failures.
• Voided Warranty: Manufacturers typically void warranties if the hoist is used for applications outside its intended design.

Alternative Tools for Horizontal Pulling

When you need to move loads laterally, it’s best to use equipment built for horizontal pulls. These tools manage side loads safely and reliably. Below are three options that outperform modified overhead hoists in pulling applications.

• Winches: Winches use a winding drum to spool cable or rope under control. They anchor solidly to a fixed base and apply lateral force without changing the rope’s path. Electric or hydraulic winches offer variable speed and tension control. Their gearboxes handle continuous pulls over long distances. You’ll find winches on utility trucks, maintenance rigs, and recovery vehicles.
• Pullers: Pullers come in manual hand-pull or motor-driven versions. They clamp onto a cable or chain and ratchet it forward one click at a time. This makes them ideal for tight spaces where a winch drum won’t fit. Pneumatic or electric pullers add speed and reduce operator effort. You can use them in steel erection, machinery alignment, or wire-rope installation.
• Capstans: Capstans feature a vertical drum that grips rope as it wraps around the drum multiple times. Marine-grade capstans resist salt spray and feature water-resistant motors. They excel at horizontal or angled pulls, such as positioning mooring lines or moving heavy pipes. Their simple design and high friction hold offer smooth, continuous pulling without slipping.

Key Considerations for Horizontal Pulling

Using an electric hoist for side pulls comes with extra risks. Horizontal loads introduce side forces that the hoist and suspension weren’t primarily designed to handle. Follow these guidelines to reduce damage and keep operations safe.

• Always start by checking the hoist manual or data sheet. Look for any notes on horizontal pulling or side loads. If the manufacturer does not rate the hoist for lateral pulls, avoid the practice altogether. Using the hoist outside its intended use can void warranties and create hazards.
• Hoists carry lower ratings when pulling at an angle or horizontally. Confirm the hoist’s rated capacity for side loads—it may be significantly less than the vertical WLL. Never exceed this adjusted capacity. Keeping within limits prevents gear damage and reduces the chance of cable or chain failure.
• Side pulls place extra stress on the rope, chain, and hooks. Inspect these parts for fraying, bending, or wear before each operation. Check the trolley wheels, bearings, and end carriage alignment. Catching defects early avoids sudden breakdowns under lateral load.
• Prevent swinging and tipping by using tag lines, spreader bars, or guide ropes. Secure the load at multiple points to keep it aligned with the pull direction. A stable setup keeps tension even and protects both your equipment and your team.

Comparison Table: Hoists vs. Winches

To clarify the differences between hoists and winches, refer to the table below:

Conclusion

While electric hoists are incredibly effective for vertical lifting, their use in horizontal pulling should be approached with caution. To ensure safety and equipment longevity, it is better to use tools like winches or pullers for horizontal applications. Always consult the manufacturer's guidelines and seek professional advice to determine the most suitable equipment for your needs.